Dog Whistle Politics Of The 1960s - 2333 Words

Jacob Garbison Professor Sean Trundle History 355 4 December 2014 Dog Whistle Politics of the 1960s On July 2, after signing the 1964 Civil Rights Act, President Lyndon B. Johnson reportedly said to his staff, â€Å"I think we just gave the South to the Republicans for your lifetime and mine.† (Perlstein 365) He was wrong. Although he never lived to see it, Jimmy Carter won a Democratic South in 1976 - but it was for the last time. Nonetheless, the party which had dominated the South for almost a century had put it up for grabs with the stroke of a pen. The impact of racism on presidential politics during the ‘60s is difficult to overstate. Race and racially coded language in particular played a profound role in the GOPs success at winning†¦show more content†¦Here, Wallace did something new. Gone were the overt references to white supremacy, segregation, or even race. Instead, he positioned himself as a defender of the constitution against tyrannical government overreach: â€Å"I stand here today, as Governor of this sovereign State, and refuse to willingly submit to illegal usurpation of power by the Central Government.† [1] Wallace went on, giving voice to the politics of the South in language that was palpable, even agreeable, to the North. The dramatic â€Å"Stand in the Door† was all for show of course. Wallace stood aside, allowing three black students to register for classes later that day, but the effects of the speech would have wide repercussions. Wallace received nearly 100,000 telegrams in response to his speech from all across the country, an almost unheard of number for a lowly Southern governor. More shocking still was that nearly all of them, about 95%, were praising his bravery. (Lopez, 15) â€Å"They all hate black people, all of them.† Wallace reportedly exclaimed, â€Å"They’re all afraid, all of them Great God! That’s it! They’re all Southern. The whole US is Southern!† (Lopez, 15) Wallace had discovered the dog whistle, a way to communicate racial animosity without using explicit racism. This is a distinctly modern expression of racism which, as Ian Haney Lopez says, â€Å"[stimulates] the intended audience without overtly

Essay on Opportunity Cost And The Free Market - 1736 Words

OPPORTUNITY COST THE FREE MARKET Scarcity is one of the most basic and crucial points to understand in microeconomics.1Scarcity means that we cannot have all the needs and wants to satisfy our desires. Scarcity can be applied to almost anything. Due to the scarcity of products we must make a choice of what we want. We must choose whether to do one thing or another by what we value to be most important to us. This, therefore, leads to us opportunity cost. Usually when one has to make a decision over what to do, buy, or build, it is narrowed down to two things. We might choose what satisfies our desires, what is more economical, or what is needed more. The choice that we do not take is our opportunity cost, the choice that we value†¦show more content†¦As shown on the diagram below if the government only builds schools then they are at point A, which means they are not building libraries, therefore not allocating resources. If they concentrate only on building libraries, and not schools, then they are at po int E. In order to build both they would need to place themselves at points B, C, and D. At point B there is a bigger production of schools and a small production of libraries. At point D, there is a larger production of libraries and a smaller production of schools. The most effective point would be C because they would concentrate all their efforts on both schools and libraries and therefore have the best allocation of resources and have no opportunity cost. All these factors combined are essential to making better economical decisions for any society. The production possibility curve helps deicide more efficient ways to distribute resources. Businesses and government have to find all the different possibilities, study them, and make the best decision on what is best to produce and what would bring in more profit. Opportunity cost can also help us understand what products a consumer might choose to buy and the best price for the product. This can also help companies decide on bett er ways to proceed with sales. The free market is a well-advanced state of economy in a society. Through this marketShow MoreRelatedChallenges Faced By International Businesses Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Businesses to seek for opportunity and chance to expand their business to a wider marketplace. There are many ways for international businesses to seek those opportunities, such as through exporting goods and services, starting a joint venture with a company, opening a branch for distributing goods, and giving license to produce goods. From these ways to seek opportunities, there are basically three major motives, such as resource seeking, market seeking, and efficiency seeking, whereRead MoreThe Cost Of Opportunity Cost1108 Words   |  5 PagesOpportunity cost can be defined as the price of a substitute that might be forgone in order to pursue an assured action. The forgone cost. Opportunity cost can also be defined as the best forgone alternative in a scenari o where a decision had to be made between some many mutually exclusive or inclusive alternatives (Mankiw, 2009). Simply put opportunity cost is what one is missing out when they make a choice. I could be watching a game of European Soccer or watching a rerun episode of Game of ThronesRead MoreThe Market1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe Market 1. Explain the concepts of Comparative and Absolute Advantage. Having absolute advantage is the way to go; this is a win, win situation. For a country or company to have absolute advantage is a dream made in heaven. It is like winning a million dollars at poker while betting only five bucks. This is the perfect situation where the production of goods is being produced at a lower cost, but with the same resources. Absolute Advantage can also be achieved by having a higher productivityRead MoreEthiopi An Attractive Investment Opportunity For Business Looking Into A New Market Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesan attractive investment opportunity for business looking to enter a new market. With respect to trade, it provide a lucrative opportunity for investors. Ethiopia enjoys a number of preferential access to market under the EU and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). Located in the North-Eastern part of Africa known as â€Å"Horn of Africa† Ethiopia lies at the cross-road between Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Ethiop ia is one of the largest domestic markets in Africa due to its largeRead MoreUsa Today and Wall Street Journal Swot1643 Words   |  7 PagesOutside the WSJ 9. Short Distribution to Circulators Weaknesses 1. Decline of Paper Reading 2. Availability of Free Online Articles Before Subscription 3. Lack of Youth Appeal- Average Age is 50 Years Old 4. More of A Domestic Newspaper Compared to the WSJ, offered in London and a few select cities 5. Wide Range of Coverage That Does Not Target One Market Segment 6. More Popular in Lower Income Families (under $80,000) 7. Use Of Google Ads 8. Competition From TV and RadioRead MoreMarket For Live Rock Concerts1455 Words   |  6 Pages5A. The graph below assumes the data in chart 3 â€Å"Ticket sales revenue is climbing steadily† by Pollstar was quoted in 2008 dollars and includes only the 100 highest-grossing tours. Supply/Demand Diagram for Changes in Market for Live Rock Concerts (1998-2008): 5B. Economists use cross elasticity of demand to determine whether two products are substitutes or complements. The cross elasticity of demand measures how quantity demanded of one good (albums) responds to a change in the price for anotherRead MoreRent Control Is An Interesting Topic Within Economics960 Words   |  4 PagesRent control has the ability to exponentially benefit or destroy cities. Rent control is a government enacted set of policies set in place in order to essentially make housing affordable for people incapable of paying the high free market price. In this essay, I will discuss the long and short term consequences of rent control; whom rent controls affect, how it affects these people and I will discuss the rent control in Ontario. Rent control is an interesting topic within economics. According toRead MoreThe Effects Of Free Trade On Economic And Social Human Rights1371 Words   |  6 PagesFree trade can be defined as the abolition of trade barriers and trade restrictions, and the encouragement of international trade. Free trade gives countries the ability to trade with markets that would have previously been unavailable, thus integrating and diversifying economies (Borghard, 2006, pg. 161). Free trade in practice, has negative and positive consequences for workers as well as consumers. While free trade agreements stimulate and build economies, this is often done at the expense ofRead MoreGlobalization Of The Marketplace Has Brought About Costs And Benefits For All Countries And Industries1247 Words   |  5 PagesRegionalism Briefing Introduction The globalization of the marketplace has brought about costs and benefits for all countries and industries. A main benefit of globalization for producers, like the those of us in the manufacturing industry is access to more customers however, competition also increases which decreases the potential for sales. Economic integrations are a part of global business that look to increase the efficiency of resources. Economic integrations and trading blocs are institutedRead MoreCase Report for Midland Energy Resources, Inc: Cost of Capital1187 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes Mortensen estimate Midlands cost of capital? What would be the potential consequences of a too high estimate compared to the firms â€Å"true† cost of capital? What about a too low estimate? The purpose is that the cost capital will be used for capital budgeting, financial accounting, performance assessment, stock repurchases estimations. Also the cost of capital is a necessary basis for the expected growth and forecasted demand. The too high estimated cost of capital means that Midland may miss

Group Dynamics For Teams Sage Publications â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Group Dynamics For Teams Sage Publications? Answer: Introduction In todays competitive world, teamwork or group in the workplace has become an important and common activity. Working in groups is challenging because different individuals have different personalities and opinions. The companies are fostering team work because it creates a healthy working environment and people are inspired to work and contribute more in their work. I am working as a team leader of a global IT company. There three different teams in my company. As the company is a start-up venture, the employees has to give their innovative ideas and work dedicatedly for the development of the company. The group in which I am involved consists of 12 members. There is an assistant team leader in every group who assist the members. The members in my group are every co-operative and they always support the team in difficult times. Though the team has emerged recently with 12 new joinees but the employees are very friendly and support each other in their work. Meetings are held in differ ent teams from time to time to discuss the different issues which are faced in the team. The employees also give their required feedbacks and opinion which will help to develop and improve the group (Silk et al., 2014). Communication and interaction pattern Whenever people are together in a group, they communicate and share their ideas. This communication may be helpful as well as harmful to the group. I communicate with my team members on a regular basis and this helps me to understand their problems and solve their problems. This also helps me in maintaining proper relationships with my team members. Proper communication and interaction pattern has also helped me to present a unified image in the group. The best way which I adopt is to observe, assess and understand my team members. Proper communication and interaction is vital so as to understand the goals of the group. It also helps in enhancing proper relationship among the group members. As I am the team leader of a small group, communication makes it easier for me to co-ordinate their efforts. Moreover, the other members who have joined the team recently also feel motivated and satisfied of working in the group. It also becomes easier to share information for me if all the member s communicate properly in the group. I can also analyze the personal contribution of the employees and understand their problems through proper communication. If there are more than 12 members in my group, it will be difficult for me to manage the entire team as I cannot personally interact with the team members. I will have no time to appreciate or motivate them. Thus, the relationship will get distorted if there is no proper communication and interaction among the employees (Schnzel Smith, 2014). Group cohesion Cohesion includes the degree to which the individuals in a group will work to achieve the goals. The members in a group must have a common goals and visions. They must also have common interest. The members must have constant touch with each other and there must be effective interpersonal communication within the group members. It is also important that the members interact with each other in a group. In may team, it can be said that we had close relation with each other. It was not only my duty to understand the problems of the team members but there were senior members who also helped the junior team members. We always tried to work towards the common goals and aims of the company. This has helped and motivated us and thus helped my team members to perform better(Mulvey, Rizzo Killen, 2016). Social integration and influence Social integration is the status, role and norm of group dynamics that helps the members to stay fit and be accepted in the group. These norms, rules and status helps to avoid personal conflict between the members in the group. The group cannot function effectively and fairly if there is no proper social integration within the team members. Moreover, social influence may have both normative and informational influence. Normative influence helps in fulfilling the desired requirements of the team members whereas informational influence is accepting and persuasion of the information which is provided by other members in the group. If there is too much compliance and conformity within the team, it results in strong social influence in the hierarchies and roles and thus affects group work. This can also have negative influence on the team members because the members cannot contribute their ideas and creativity for the development of the team(Kolstad, Pires Wiig, 2017). There is also cert ain accounting of predictability, compliances and conformity which is necessary to help the members to understand their desired goals and objectives. In case of my team, it can be said that there is proper social integration among the members. The senior members with the assistance of the team leader and the assistant team leaders influence other members and help them to achieve their desired goals. As the team leader of the group, I personally interact with each member and try to handle their queries and problems. I also take care that there is no individual conflict between the team members so that their work life does not get affected. There should be a competitive spirit in the team which will motivate other members to perform better. Moreover, the company in which I work develop the norms which help the team members to be comfortable in their job role. The employees must feel that their perception and ideas are valued and this will motivate them for further group interaction (L evi, 2015). Group Culture Culture in a group is defined as the customs, beliefs and traditions. It is also the preferred way of doing business in the group in such a way so that the aims and goals in the business are commonly understood. The interpersonal styles of the individuals, values and preferences that come from different cultures and groups must be blended in such a way so that the group develops further (Jackson et al., 2017). It is also important to value each member in the group and thus it involves facilitating and exploring the ideas of the group members. In case of my team, it can be said that all the members in the team adhere to the common goals and objectives of the group. There are certain other organisations that have provided sponsorship to our company and thus it has helped our company to expand further. Moreover, proper interaction within the team members also facilitated group work. Multicultural differences also play an important role in group culture. As the members in the team come f rom different cultural background, it is necessary to respect their ideologies and thus help them to attain their specific goals (Hou et al., 2013). Factors which contributed to the development of both the healthy and the unhealthy aspects of group dynamics There are certain important factors which are affecting group dynamics and it is essential to understand them for the development of the team. Leadership is a vital factor which is playing an important role in group dynamics. It is often seen that the members in a group imitate the team members. In case of my team, it can be said that leadership plays an important role. The team members try to imitate the ideologies which we follow and thus contribute accordingly in the group (Dunlop, Falk Beauchamp, 2013). In certain cases, it can be said that communication plays an important role in group dynamics. In order to understand the problems of team members in the group, it is necessary to communicate and respect their ideologies so that they will feel motivated and work for the business development of the team. Moreover, as a team leader it is vital that I do not misuse my power to dominate the team. However, I must try to understand their problems and try to solve it so that they do not feel disappointed or distressed. They must be inspired so that they can contribute for the development and betterment of the company (Beauchamp Eys, 2014). Suggestions to improve group dynamics To improve the strength to team dynamics, there are certain strategies and steps which must be followed. It is important to stay focused and pay more attention to communication. Moreover, to hold a responsible position, it is necessary to define the roles and responsibilities so that the team members can follow them accordingly. It is also necessary that the team leader respects the ideologies of the members so as that they do not feel disappointed or distracted. It must also be checked that the competition among the different team does not get too serious or else it will affect the team members. Competition must be healthy and the leaders must not disrupt the competition. Moreover, loyalty also plays an important role in group dynamics and this helps the team to develop. It is also important that the personal efforts of the team members get recognition so that they will be motivated and work for the development of the team (Hogg Terry, 2014).. Reference List Beauchamp, M. R., Eys, M. A. (Eds.). (2014).Group dynamics in exercise and sport psychology. Routledge. Dunlop, W. L., Falk, C. F., Beauchamp, M. R. (2013). How dynamic are exercise group dynamics? Examining changes in cohesion within class-based exercise programs.Health Psychology,32(12), 1240. Hogg, M. A., Terry, D. J. (Eds.). (2014).Social identity processes in organizational contexts. Psychology Press. Hou, A., Parker, L. C., Balogh, M. L., McGee, S. L., Wilman, D. J., Connelly, J. L., ... Finoguenov, A. (2013). Do group dynamics play a role in the evolution of member galaxies?.Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,435(2), 1715-1726. Jackson, J. C., Bilkey, D., Jong, J., Rossignac-Milon, M., Halberstadt, J. (2017). Strangers in a Stadium: Studying Group Dynamics With In Vivo Behavioral Tracking.Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1948550617709112. Kolstad, I., Pires, A. J. G., Wiig, A. (2017). Within-group heterogeneity and group dynamics: Analyzing exit of microcredit groups in Angola.Oxford Development Studies,45(3), 338-351. Levi, D. (2015).Group dynamics for teams. Management. Mulvey, K. L., Rizzo, M. T., Killen, M. (2016). Challenging gender stereotypes: Theory of mind and peer group dynamics.Developmental science,19(6), 999-1010. Schnzel, H. A., Smith, K. A. (2014). The socialization of families away from home: Group dynamics and family functioning on holiday.Leisure Sciences,36(2), 126-143. Silk, M. J., Croft, D. P., Tregenza, T., Bearhop, S. (2014). The importance of fissionfusion social group dynamics in birds.Ibis,156(4), 701-715.

Object-Oriented Database Management Systems Essays -

Object-Oriented Database Management Systems The construction of Object-Oriented Database Management Systems started in the middle 80's, at a prototype building level, and at the beginning of the 90's the first commercial systems appeared. The interest for the development of such systems stems from the need to cover the modeling deficiencies of their predecessors, that is the relational database management systems. They were intended to be used by applications that have to handle big and complex data such as Computer Aided Engineering, Computer Aided Design, and Office Information Systems. The area of the OODBMSs is characterized by three things. First, it lacks a common data model. There is no common data model although many proposals can be found in the literature. This is a more general problem of all the object-oriented systems not only the database management systems. Since the data model determines the database language of the system, which in turn determines the implementation of the system, we can understand that the differences between the various systems with different data models can be big and substantial. Second is the common theoretical framework. Although there is no standard object-oriented model, most object-oriented database systems that are operational or under development today share a set of fundamental object-oriented concepts. Therefore the implementation issues in OODBMSs that arise due to these concepts are universal. The third characteristic is that of experimental activity. Plenty of prototypes have been implemented and some ! of them became commercial products. There is really a need for applications to handle very complex data and that is why the interest of people in building such systems is so strong. Although there is no consensus on what an OODBMS is and which are the features that differentiate it from other systems, there has been a lot of effort for an agreement on defining the formal characteristics that can stand as the set of specification requirements for the construction of such a system. These should also be used as the set of features that one has to check in order to find out if a system is really an OODBMS. The features of the OODBMS can be divided as follows: * mandatory features: these are the features that one system should have in order to deserve the title OODBMS. * optional features: these are the features that if one system has, should be considered better than another that does not have them, provided that both have all the mandatory features. * open choices: these are features that a designer of a system can choose if and how to implement. They represent the degrees of freedom left to the system designers. An OODBMS should be a database management system and at the same time an object oriented system. The first characteristic is translated to the following features: persistence, concurrency, recovery, secondary storage management, and ad hoc query mechanisms. The second characteristic is translated to the following: composite objects, object-identity, encapsulation, inheritance overriding and late binding, extensibility, and computational completeness of the database language used. Composite objects can be built recursively from simpler ones by applying constructors to them. These simpler objects can be integers, characters, strings, booleans, and in general objects of types that all the programming languages possess. There are various constructors such as list, set, bag, array, tuple, etc. The minimal set of constructors that a system must have is: set (to represent unordered collections of real world objects), list (to represent ordered collections of real world objects), tuple (to represent properties of real world objects). A system that supports composite objects and therefore constructors for their building, should also support operators for the retrieval, insertion, and deletion of their component objects. That means that the database language should be extended in a way that these operators will be included. The identity of an object is what makes it different from all the other objects. This allows the objects to be independent of their values. Therefore the notion of identical objects is introduced: two objects are equal if they have the same values, but are identical if they have the same object identity. The fact that each object possesses an identity facilitates the handling of composite objects since it makes the common use of objects possible and it protects the consistency of the database. If a component object is changed, this change affects all the composite objects that reference it. Due to the object identity, there is no need for replicates, and that is how the consistency of the database is protected. The mechanism of encapsulation allows the hiding of the internal